Resolutions of the XVIIIth Congress of ISPRS in Vienna, 1996

The Resolutions Committee had the following members
Kennert Torlegard, Sweden, 1st v Pres, chairman
Isabelle Veillet, France
Hans-Peter Bähr, Germany
Keith Atkinson, UK

The Resolutions Committee received 51 draft resolutions from Council, Technical Commissions and Delegates. Some of the proposed resolutions have been merged together, and some have not been submitted to the General Assembly as their recommendations are already contained in the Statutes and/or Bylaws, which is even stronger than a resolution to express directives.


Resolution G.1 Appreciation

The Congress
noting

the importance of the Congress for professionals in photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information technology from academe, industry and government
recognizing
the careful preparation and successful realization of the Congress
commends
the Austrian Society for Surveying and Geoinformation, its president Mr. August Hochwartner, and Congress Director Karl Kraus, Technical Programme Director Peter Waldhäusl and the Congress Committee for excellent work which has resulted in a very successful Congress.

Resolution G.2 Information and Communication

The Congress
noting

- the rapid development in electronic communication and digital data transfer
- the appreciation of the ISPRS Annual Report by Members and international organizations
recognizing
the great importance of information exchange and communication between Members, Council and Commissions of the Society, and between our Society and other international bodies
recommends
Council to develop and establish task forces or staff functions to support Council in relations with other international organizations, and in publishing a Society newsletter in both printed and electronic form.

Resolution G.3 Educational Opportunities

The Congress
noting

that emerging technologies in photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information systems offer opportunities for development of new methods, services and products
recognizing
the need for continued education and training
recommends
that a task force is set up for facilitation and promotion of grants, fellowships, scholarships, tutorials, workshops and similar educational opportunities.

Resolution G.4 Congress Schedules

The Congress
noting

that the applications-oriented Commissions such as Commission IV draw on the work of Technical Commissions I, II and III;
recognizing
that this results in overlaps in technical interests and administrative difficulties in scheduling Congress sessions;
recommends
that the Council addresses these problems once again and takes such steps as may be necessary to alleviate future difficulties. It is also recommended that Council and Technical Commission Presidents intensify their efforts to promote co-operation between Commissions and attempt to minimize conflicts in Congress schedules.

Resolution I.1 Science and Technology

The Congress
noting

that science and technology should grow together, merging theoretical arguments and practical aspects
recognizing
that the linkage between primary data acquisition and data evaluation has positively emphasized important topics in mathematics, statistics and computer science;
recommends
that industrial products and agency or engineering experiences shold be taken into account, with particular care, so as to transfer mature technologies from research studies to application fields.

Resolution I.2 Image Quality Assessment

The Congress
noting

- that although digital imaging increases in importance, aerial images are still acquired via photographic technology;
- that aerial photographic lenses, cameras and films are still being developed to higher quality standards;
- that procedures for calibrating photogrammetric cameras and for optical tests are still incomplete and difficult to compare;
- that specifications for aerial photography differ internationally in spite of an increasing internationality in performing aerial photography;
- that developments in aerial photographic technology put new demands on specifications;
recognizing
- that from 1992 to 1996 research activities have been concentrated upon investigations in and reviews of image quality measures and image quality influences of image scanning;
- that a test field for aerial image quality has been established in Finland;
- that automated systems for measurement and calculation of MTF of photographic images have been established, thus reducing the need for subjective judgment;
recommends
- that research work on methods for assessment of imaging as well as image quality continues, for photographic as well as for digital or digitized images;
- that efforts continue to revise or establish recommended procedures for routine calibration and testing of photographic lenses, cameras, films and detectors, based upon existing international standards;
- that efforts continue to establish internationally accepted specifications for aerial photography, based upon international quality management standards.

Resolution I.3 Standards

The Congress
noting

- that the development of the Recommended Procedures for Calibrating Aerial Cameras and for Related Optical Tests was a major activity of Commission I prior to the establishment of international optical standardization;
- that these procedures have been referred to by several national standardization bodies;
- that the international aerial film speed standard is under review;
recognizing
that participation in international standardization is possible only after establishment of formal ties;
recommends
- that ISPRS becomes more actively involved in ISO activities of interest;
- that ISPRS determines the value of international quality management and quality control for the photogrammetric and remote sensing community;
- that ISPRS seeks affiliate status in CEOS and actively participates in subgroups of interest;
- that ISPRS explores the possibility of affiliation to CIE in regard to colour standardization.

Resolution I.4 Navigation and Sensor Integration

The Congress
noting

- that spaceborne, aerial and terrestrial imaging sensor systems are developing into necessary tools for the mapping of the environment;
- that new sensor types have entered the mapping arena;
- that guidance, navigation and positioning techniques should be further developed;
recognizing
that the use of such systems not only facilitates survey planning and execution but is also an integral part of the subsequent data processing;
recommends
- that work is continued on the topic of platform guidance, navigation and sensor integration;
- that subjects on hardware properties and integration of hardware are emphasized;
- that close relations with sensor manufacturers, as well as with appropriate international organizations and related WGs are established.

Resolution I.5 Digital Imaging Sensors

The Congress
noting

- that 3-line CCD cameras achieve stereoscopic capabilities by the combination of a nadir sensor with forward and backward looking sensors and thus avoid long re-visiting times, that they can be considered state-of-the-art in the development of new satellite imaging systems and that they have also been installed in aircraft for verification test purposes;
- that area solid state sensors for aerial and space applications are still rare, but that they are of increasing interest to practitioners and researchers;
recognizing
- that imagery directly acquired by solid state sensors shows certain advantages over scanned aerial images;
- that CCD sensors and cameras with resolutions of up to 3000 x 2000 pixels are already available, and - that sensors with resolutions of 5120 x 5120 pixels and 9000 x 7000 pixels are under development by major firms and have been tested in laboratories;
recommends
- that further development of 3-line CCD scanners for stereoscopic in-strip imagery for airborne and spaceborne applications is encouraged;
- that the development of very large format solid state sensors should be closely observed and encouraged;
- that large format solid state sensors already available today should be thoroughly tested with a repect to their applicability for aerial applications and their accuracy potential.

Resolution I.6 Microwave Sensors

The Congress
noting

that active microwave and SAR interferometry technologies are now mature and ready for transfer to extensive applications;
recognizing
the complementarity of optical and active microwave remote sensing technologies;
recommends
- that optical and microwave communities work together to take advantage of the combination of the two technologies;
- that the accuracy of SAR interferometry is studied further;
- that the combination of SAR interferometry data with other elevation data should be investigated.

Resolution I.7 Hardcopy Scanning

The Congress
noting

- that photogrammetric scanners are used increasingly to enable digital photogrammetry;
- that quality standards for photoscanners are still absent;
- that new types of multimedia are becoming part of GIS technology;
- that further sensor types are under development;
recognizing
- that the data quality produced by photogrammetric scanners need to be investigated in both a geometric and a radiometric sense;
- that ISPRS WG I/5 1992-96 together with OEEPE designed and distributed test material, a questionnaire and test procedures;
- that the joint ISPRS-OEEPE photoscanner test is still in progress;
- that further sensor types need to be investigated;
recommends
- that the photoscanner quality test, with an OEEPE working group, is completed;
- that the test material prepared in the working group is made available widely;
- that evaluation of photoscanners continues and that a standard test procedure is designed which addresses the needs of photogrammetry;
- that further investigations be carried out which concern integrated data acquisition for multi-media GIS.
- that this research effort should include a new ISPRS working group with similar interests.

Resolution I.8 Preprocessing, Archiving and Distribution of Image Data

The Congress
noting

- that the quantity and quality of remote sensing satellite data received and archived is increasing greatly;
- that these data form one of the potentially most important sources for production and revision of geographic information;
- that archiving, processing and distribution systems are not yet adapted to all user needs;
recognizing
- the need of the user community to have satellite data products adapted to their needs to produce and revise geographic information;
- the need of the user community to locate, order and obtain the data more easily;
recommends
continuation of the work on user requirements for processing and distribution of satellite data for remote sensing and mapping applications.

Resolution II.1 Real Time Mapping Technologies

The Congress
noting

the recent developments in real time mobile mapping technology and their future impact on photogrammetric 3D GIS data acquisition; and
recognizing
- the importance of the design and development of integrated real time mapping systems, system aspects related to sensor information processing and analysis in autonomous vehicle navigation systems;
- the need to investigate the role of stereovision and kinematic GPS technologies in integrated real time mapping systems;
- the need for continued exchange of information between specialists involved in the research and implementation within this field;
recommends
- that activities be continued with increased focus on the evaluation of recent developments in real-time mapping technologies, implementation issues, developing standards for the operation and accuracy evaluation of these systems;
- that a test be conducted of commercially available systems and prototype mobile mapping technologies under development.

Resolution II.2 Hardware and Software Aspects of GIS

The Congress
noting

- that advances in computer hardware and software are leading to the development of integrated geo-information systems;
- that the developments of interoperability and open GIS standards and the advances in network technologies (e.g. Internet) are leading to distributed GIS applications;
- that a new suite of high resolution remote imaging sensors is being developed and will require new techniques for the efficient integration with GIS;
- that research activities in environmental monitoring and management are stressing the importance for the combination of remote sensing image analysis with numerical modelling, 3D and time aspects in integrated GIS;
recognizing
the need for research in the area of integrated GIS with special reference to accuracy assessments procedures, exchange, data models and data structures, analytical operators, comprehensive test procedures, benchmarks, and standards;
recommends
- that the activities on this topic be continued with the revised scope of software and modelling aspects for integrated GIS to adequately address changes in technology and research;
- that efforts be made to monitor developments in standardization and interoperability to determine appropriate procedures for data modelling and exchange, spatial database management, quality assessments, spatial operator taxonomy, and intelligent interface design in integrated GIS;
- that advances in GIS software, remote sensor development and spatial decision support systems be monitored and analyzed;
- that new benchmark procedures for the whole range of integrated GIS functionality be developed;
- that close co-operation with earth, computer and social scientists be encouraged to address topics such as integration of 3D and time aspects and modelling in GIS.

Resolution II.3 Technologies for Large Volumes of Spatial Data

The Congress
noting

- the continuing increase in the number and diversity of satellite remote sensing missions; and the widespread use of data from these missions in the science and applications;
- that many organizations have created large volumes of spatial data through automation of the mapping process, and conversion of analogue data into digital form, and the importance of digital data exchange and data distribution;
realizing
- that the diversity of databases, DBMSs, GISs, national or industry standard formats currently being used for the transmission, transfer, and archiving of these data;
- that many organizations are actively implementing policies for digital data distribution;
recognizing
- that the lack of standardization of data formats and format description methods has impeded the use of these databases;
- that many national organizations and countries are developing National Spatial Data Infrastructures (NSDI) and Data Clearinghouses/Warehouses for data distribution;
recommends
- that activities should continue to maintain close liaison with, and encourage the activities of, other national and international standards organizations, the co-ordination of the development of data exchange standards, metadata, and cataloguing standards, as well as collaboration between national space agencies;
- that research activities emphasize the development of spatial data browsers, distributed information systems for data interoperability; and technologies for spatial data warehouses, particularly developments making use of WWW.

Resolution II.4 Systems for the Processing of Radar Data

The Congress
noting

the continued increase of technical, methodological and application activities in the field of radar data processing and analysis;
recognizing
that many photogrammetrists and mapping practitioners have limited knowledge of SAR data processing and there is a need for continual exchange of information between specialists working in this field;
recommends
an increased focus on the development of algorithms for integration of SAR data with other data, providing information on SAR to make it more accessible to users, and promotion of user friendly SAR systems and software.

Resolution II.5 Integrated Geo-information Production Systems

The Congress
noting

the increasing use of data from a wide range of sensors to solve particular applications and the design of special purpose systems to handle such applications;
recognizing
- the need to facilitate the design of such systems through the use of common hardware, software and data exchange and distribution mechanisms;
- the need for continued exchange of information between specialists and between practitioners and manufacturers in this field;
recommends
that the current activities on integrated geo-information production systems extend its range of activities to include the design and testing of processing systems to integrate satellite and airborne data for solving application problems in the area of environmental monitoring and management.

Resolution II.6 Digital Photogrammetric Systems

The Congress
noting

- an increased activity in the development of concepts and algorithms for automation in digital photogrammetry;
- the availability of software to automatically and semi-automatically derive photogrammetric products using digital photogrammetric systems (DPS), as successfully documented by IC WG II/III 1992-96;
- the increasing importance of including machine vision technologies in photogrammetric systems;
recognizing
- that digital photogrammetric systems (DPS) are replacing analogue and analytical systems at an unprecedented rate;
- that in order to ensure maximum efficiency in implementation, good collaboration between user and manufacturer is necessary in areas such as functionality and data transfer;
- that there is need to further investigate visualization and multimedia techniques and the human-machine interface in DPS design;
- the need for further development of concepts and algorithms, and for an implementation of the resulting software in DPS in order to increase the rate of automation, especially in aerial triangulation and in object extraction;
- the need for research and development in the integration of photogrammetry and computer vision with spatial databases;
recommends
- that activities relating to digital photogrammetric systems continue with increasing emphasis on automation and efficiency, including evaluation, implementation, and testing of available concepts and algorithms for use in DPS;
- that a forum be established to encourage discussion between users and manufacturers on user problems and implementation issues;
- that efforts continue to integrate photogrammetry and machine vision;
- that collaboration takes place whenever possible between other commissions and with other regional and international organizations.

Resolution III.1 Integrated Sensor Calibration and Orientation

The Congress
noting

- the current use of and trend toward multi-sensor platform systems such as laser, multispectral/panchromatic frame and pushbroom sensors, and SAR;
- the availability of powerful and complementary technologies for sensor orientation (GPS, INS and image processing)
recognizing
- the need of single and total sensor system calibration to take full advantage of the potential of multi-sensor systems;
- the need for further development of global concepts for automatic sensor orientation with GPS, INS and image processing techniques
recommends
that related activities continue during the period 1996-2000, in co-operation with Commission I and the sister IUSM organisations, with emphasis on multi-sensor system calibration, integration of GPS, INS and image processing techniques, and automatic integrated orientation concepts

Resolution III.2 Theory and Concepts of Object Recognition and Image Understanding

The Congress
noting

the importance of theoretical/conceptual investigations in object recognition and image understanding; and
recognizing
that despite major efforts and good progress achieved from 1992 to 1996 there remain considerable gaps in the theory of automation of feature extraction and recognition;
recommends
intensified investigations in object recognition and image understanding, particularly in the areas of modelling and knowledge engineering, in close co-operation with researchers in computer vision, artificial intelligence, linguistics and cognitive science.

Resolution III.3 Algorithms and Tools

The Congress
noting

increased activity in the development and application of new algorithms and software tools in digital photogrammetry and remote sensing
recognizing
the importance of co-ordinating the development of algorithms with theoretical/conceptual investigations, and the need for developing suitable test procedures, quality control and performance specifications;
recommends
that these activities be continued and intensified during the period 1996-2000, with an emphasis on performance characterization of algorithms, quality control, test procedures, and suitable documentation in close co-operation with the computer vision community.

Resolution III.4 Conceptual Aspects of GIS

The Congress
noting

progress in the use of geo-information for spatial inventories and spatial analysis
recognizing
the increasing complexity of these applications
recommends
the further development of concepts and theory for spatial data modelling and spatial data handling.

Resolution III.5 Theory and Algorithms for SAR

The Congress
noting

- the increasing importance of synthetic aperture radar for mapping and surface generation;
- the number of new sensor systems becoming available;
recognizing
- the need for a rigorous theoretical basis for using SAR for 3D information extraction; and
- the need for developing and improving algorithms for processing SAR data;
recommends
theory and algorithms for SAR to be studied and developed, particularly in the area of interferometry and feature extraction.

Resolution IV.1 GIS Data and Applications

The Congress
noting

the tremendous growth in GIS applications; and
recognizing
the need to provide focal points for diverse GIS applications;
recommends
that working groups be formed to address topographic, thematic and urban applications of GIS.

Resolution IV.2 International Mapping from Space

The Congress
noting

the escalation in international remote sensing satellite programmes; and
recognizing
the need to stay abreast of these activities;
recommends
- that increased attention be given to new satellite programmes and sensors being developed to address global issues;
- that the suitability of high resolution, hyperspectral and radar data for topographic and thematic mapping, and GIS applications, should be investigated.

Resolution IV.3 Map and Database Revision

The Congress
noting

that geographic databases in digital format are being compiled worldwide by national mapping and resource agencies;
recognizing
that these databases must be kept current;
recommends
that both the management and technical challenges related to the maintenance and revision of these databases should be addressed.

Resolution IV.4 Digital Terrain Models and Digital Ortho-images

The Congress
noting

that accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) are required for a range of GIS applications and mapping tasks;
recognizing
that digital photogrammetric methods are being developed to produce DTMs from scanned aerial photographs, electro-optical satellite images and, more recently, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images;
recommends
that continued attention be given to data structures and DTM formats and to the utilization of DTMs for ortho image production, terrain visualization, mapping and GIS applications at local, regional and global scales.

Resolution IV.5 Extraterrestrial Mapping

The Congress
noting

the on-going efforts to map the topography of Mars, Venus, the Moon and other planetary bodies;
recognizing
the need to update existing maps, to construct new maps and to define techniques for mapping the planets from optical, electro-optical and electronic data records;
recommends
a continued effort to stimulate revision of existing maps and to assist in the establishment of datums, ground control nets and the development of improved mapping techniques, with particular emphasis on the use of stereoscopic radar images.

Resolution IV.6 GIS and Expert Systems for Global Environmental Databases

The Congress
noting

the interest in/and desire for global databases of improved quality to support mapping, monitoring and modelling of natural resources;
recognizing
that satellite remote sensing and GIS modelling will be a necessary and integral part of such activities;
recommends
that attention be given to (1) compiling reference information on the availability and quality of global databases; (2) establishing metadata; (3) developing mapping and modelling techniques appropriate for environmental applications; and (4) stimulating cooperation between international and national organizations with vested interests in resource management and inventory.

Resolution V.1 Development and Calibration of Close-range 3D Image Metrology Systems

The Congress
noting

- that innovative technologies for digital imaging systems are being developed at a rapid rate;
- that such systems are increasingly being employed for a wide variety of measurement tasks for research and industry;
recognizing
that new technologies will inevitably produce improved levels of accuracy and performance;
recommends
that emphasis be maintained on the development and calibration of close-range systems which employ digital imaging as the principal component.

Resolution V.2 Image Sequence Analysis

The Congress
noting

- the increasing importance of temporal analysis, and of time-constrained solutions and dynamic scene analysis, especially in close-range photogrammetry and machine vision;
- the rapid technological developments, especially in imaging and navigation sensors;
- the variety of systems and applications in robotics, industrial inspection, medicine, autonomous navigation, mobile mapping systems and visualization of time-varying data;
recognizing
- the necessity to bring various scientific activities under a common framework within the ISPRS, which would otherwise be fragmented;
- the need for in depth investigations of this topic by ISPRS as well as the necessity to combine the photogrammetric expertise with techniques from other disciplines, especially computer vision;
recommends
- increased investigations of these topics;
- that the investigations concentrate on sensors and their integration, on fusion of local 3-D feature and surface representations, on integrated processing of multi-sensor data, and on systems and applications with particular emphasis on time-constrained solutions.

Resolution V.3 Development and Application of Photogrammetric Techniques in Medicine

The Congress
noting

the successful implementation of digital image based measurement for a range of medical purposes;
recognizing
the growing involvement of photogrammetrists in these developments;
recommends
- that interest in techniques and systems for medical applications should be continued;
- that the appropriate Working Group of ISPRS should give priority to strengthening communication links between photogrammetrists and the community of medical specialists, biomedical scientists and engineers, by participating in joint projects, publishing in medical journals, and publicising, encouraging attendance at and reporting on appropriate conferences and meetings.

Resolution V.4 Modelling for Visualization and Virtual Reality

The Congress
noting

the growing demand for real-world object and site modelling for visualization and virtual reality
recognizing
the potential of close-range photogrammetry to provide such models
recommends
development of activities of automatic close-range photogrammetric systems to extract models of objects and sites for applications in visualization and virtual reality.

Resolution V.5 The Contribution of Photogrammetry to the Documentation of World Cultural Heritage

The Congress
noting

- that advances in imaging technology, photogrammetric procedures and information technology made over the last decade facilitate the use of these systems by researchers in a variety of sciences and humanities;
- that world cultural heritage is under threat of damage or destruction from environmental causes and human activities
recognizing
- that the increased use of low-cost, digital photogrammetric recording procedures and other spatial information technology will accelerate the documentation of cultural monuments and sites
recommends
- the use of digital photogrammetric recording procedures to governments, organizations, corporations and individuals, in all nations, to expedite the documentation process;
- that Commission V continues to represent and vigorously promote the activities of ISPRS to organizations like ICOMOS, CIPA, IFRAO and others.

Resolution V.6 Integration of Photogrammetric Systems with CAD/CAM

The Congress
noting

that numerous computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems with a high degree of sophistication are in use in various disciplines
recognizing
- that such CAD/CAM systems can contribute to the enhancement of existing photogrammetric systems;
- that photogrammetric processing is increasingly being carried out in a CAD/CAM environment
recommends
- that there should be more concern with the development of methodologies and systems for the further integration of photogrammetric systems with CAD/CAM;
- that CAD/CAM modelling concepts be further developed for use in model driven photogrammetric measurement.

Resolution V.7 Encouragement of Users and Potential Users

The Congress
noting

that insufficient use is being made of photogrammetric techniques in a wide range of industrial and scientific applications
recognizing
the great potential of applying close range photogrammetric techniques in many situations
recommends
that greater involvement by existing users should be stimulated, and potential users of close-range photogrammetric techniques should be identified and encouraged.

VI.1 Member Reports

The Congress
noting

- that production of a significant, up to date worldwide valid image of the profession is difficult to base on the Member Reports in their present descriptive form, because the content is freely composed by the authors;
- that this record and image could be better provided by the ISPRS Member Reports in such a way that information is ready for computerized thematic synthesis and analysis that should enable worldwide comparison of the scope of applications and methods used, of the vigour, level and scope of education and training, as well as of research and development, and of the fields of co-operation;
recognizing
- that not all information in the present Member Reports is of the same significance and quality and that therefore it would be important to select a set of the most important data which could form the minimum contents of a Member Report;
- that the future Member Report could be base on a questionnaire, well prepared for automatic data processing, together with a descriptive part for complementary information;
recommends
- continued research towards optimization of the form and content of Member Reports;
- that some information is included in the ISPRS Home Page, while the full content should be shown in the Member's Home Page;
- that Member Reports could form the basic source for a report about the worldwide state of our profession.

VI.2 Computer Assisted Teaching

The Congress
noting

the technological advancement of computers and the importance of good PC software and datasets for education
recognizing
that good and low cost/free software and datasets are not sufficiently developed or disseminated to teachers and students
recommends
that efforts to collect, develop and disseminate software and datasets for education should continue. The CATCON software contest should be used in order to continue to encourage development and dissemination of good software.

VI.3 Spatial Data Sharing

The Congress
noting

- that large volumes of spatial data from space-borne, air-borne and terrestrial sources are stored, accessed and manipulated in different forms on a variety of hardware and software;
- that these datasets should be distributed over multiple sites to different countries and organizations around the world;
recognizing
the need for spatial data sharing policy
recommends
that increased emphasis should be placed on spatial data sharing through contacts with other relevant bodies such as ISO Geomatics and Geo-Information section.

VI.4 Internet Opportunities

The Congress
noting

- that world wide access to electronic communication is increasing at a rapid pace and that technology is being transferred by colleagues working in a virtual office;
- that education of the next generation of spectral and spatial analysts can also be improved through information sharing via electronic communication;
recognizing
that line charges can prohibit users from surfing the net for very long periods to retrieve desired information;
recommends
efforts to investigate internet resources in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and spatial information systems.

VII.1 Physical Measurements and Signatures Using Remote Sensing

The Congress
noting

the growing interest of users in microwave remote sensing
considering
the importance of physical aspects in remote sensing
recommends
that radar and other remote sensing aspects and lidar technology receive increased emphasis.

VII.2 Resource and Environmental Monitoring Using SAR Data.

The Congress
noting

the need to clarify the potential use of SAR data for users in various application fields
recommends
- the establishment of an information network for SAR characteristics, methodology for data analysis, and so on (e.g. update version of WWW home page);
- the selection of case studies of applications of data from the current microwave remote sensing satellites.

VII.3 Renewable Resources

The Congress
noting

an increased need for information on crop production,
recognizing
the widespread importance of remote sensing for agriculture,
recommends
the establishment of remote sensing studies for agricultural statistics and crop forecast.

VII.4 Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring

The Congress
noting

that advanced ecosystem models are moving toward self adaptive complex systems involving both object and relational databases,
recognizing
that high resolution spectral data from aerial and satellite sensors must be integrated with data from biological genetic and landscape ecological experiments,
recommends
that a modelling of terrestrial ecosystems be established to evaluate the integration of remote sensing, object database technology, generic networking systems, visualization and computational systems..

VII.5 Global Change

The Congress
noting

that specific organizations like the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Program) are co-ordinating global change research,
recognizing
the importance of the continuation of global change research,
recommends
that ISPRS seeks affiliation with an organization which specializes in global change research.

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